Structural Heart Disease - Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare

Structural Heart Disease

Comprehensive Heart Care From an Expert Team

When we talk about heart disease, we’re often speaking of conditions such as coronary artery disease, which occurs when blood vessels are blocked by plaque. Structural heart disease, on the other hand, is any heart condition related to a defect of the heart muscle, heart valves, the walls of the heart chambers or the heart chambers themselves.

Some types of structural heart disease, such as congenital heart defects, are present at birth, while others develop later in life through wear and tear on the heart over time.

If you’ve been diagnosed with structural heart disease, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare offers structural heart disease care specifically for your needs. Our providers offer cardiovascular care guided by their extensive and specialized expertise in the heart’s structure.

Take a Heart Health Risk Assessment to learn if you should see a Methodist Le Bonheur cardiologist.

 

Why Choose Methodist Le Bonheur

While structural heart disease falls within the overarching category of heart disease, caring for it requires specialized knowledge and best practices. Methodist Le Bonheur’s providers are dedicated to staying abreast of the latest innovations in diagnosing and treating structural heart conditions.

We were the first healthcare system in the world to implement a groundbreaking protocol that enables eligible patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to be discharged home on the same day as their procedure. This award-winning protocol has been peer-reviewed by experts in structural heart disease.

Conditions We Treat

We offer diagnosis and treatment for a full range of structural heart conditions, including:

  • Aortic valve stenosis
  • Atrial septal defect (ASD)
  • Bioprosthetic valve
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Heart valve disease
  • Mitral valve regurgitation
  • Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
  • Tricuspid valve regurgitation

Some of these conditions, such as a PFO, may not cause health problems, but others can limit blood flow, disrupt the heart’s ability to pump efficiently or increase the risk of a heart attack, blood clots or a stroke.

Signs and Symptoms

Mild or early-stage structural heart disease may not cause any noticeable symptoms. As the condition worsens, symptoms may include:

  • Abnormal heart rhythms
  • Chest pain or pressure
  • Dizziness
  • Extreme fatigue
  • Fainting
  • High blood pressure
  • Lightheadedness
  • Shortness of breath

Because many structural heart conditions interrupt how the heart pumps blood, other parts of the body may also experience symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors

Some structural heart conditions, including PFOs and ASDs, are present at birth. In other cases, your risk of developing a structural heart disease is higher due to another medical condition, such as:

  • Amyloidosis
  • Aortic aneurysm
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Endocarditis
  • Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes
  • Heart attack
  • High blood pressure
  • Marfan syndrome
  • Muscular conditions, such as muscular dystrophy
  • Plaque buildup in arteries
  • Sarcoidosis

Your risk also increases as you get older as calcium can build up in the heart valves.

In addition to these unchangeable risk factors, there are also some risk factors within your control, such as excessive alcohol intake and illegal drug use. Avoiding these can help lower your risk.

Reducing Risks/Lifestyle Modifications

There’s no foolproof way to prevent structural heart disease, but a heart-healthy lifestyle can help protect your heart:

  • Get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week.
  • Eat a diet low in sodium, added sugar and saturated fat.
  • Don’t smoke or use illegal drugs.
  • Limit alcohol intake to a maximum of one drink per day for women or two for men.

If you have any medical conditions that increase your risk of structural heart disease, work with your providers to effectively manage those conditions through lifestyle changes or medications.

Diagnosis

Congenital heart defects may be detected during testing performed during pregnancy. Structural heart disease in adults is often discovered during routine medical visits when a medical provider listens to your heart.

A heart murmur during a checkup can prompt a provider to refer you to a structural heart specialist. To determine whether you have a structural heart disease, a specialist may use advanced cardiac imaging and multiple tools, including:

  • Cardiac catheterization, which gives close-up views of the blood vessels and heart
  • Coronary angiography, which uses dye to provide enhanced views of blood flow through the heart and blood vessels
  • Echocardiogram (ECHO), which uses sound waves to create images of the heart chambers and valves
  • Electrocardiogram (EKG), which records your heart’s electrical activity
  • Exercise stress tests, which give your provider a look at how your heart functions as you exercise
  • Holter monitor testing, which monitors your heart over a 24- to 48-hour period
  • Imaging tests such as a heart MRI or a CT scan that can detect structural damage or defects

Together, these tools can provide a structural heart specialist with an accurate, well-rounded look at your heart’s structure and functioning.

Treatment Options

In some cases, structural heart disease may not require treatment beyond regular monitoring, at least not immediately. However, treatment is needed when significant damage causes strain on the body. Treatment may include:

  • Medications
  • MitraClip, a minimally invasive procedure where a clamp clips a leaky mitral valve, preventing regurgitation
  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure to replace an aortic valve narrowed by aortic stenosis
  • WATCHMAN, a small device implanted in the left atrial appendage to redirect blood flow and prevent blood clots

When structural heart disease can’t be treated using minimally invasive techniques, open (or traditional) cardiovascular surgery  may repair or replace a damaged valve.

Le Bonheur Children's Hospital treats pediatric patients with structural heart disease. Its congenital heart surgery program is recognized as a top pediatric cardiology and heart surgery program, providing specialized care for patients with congenital heart defects.